Alexander The Great Essays (618 words) - , Term Papers

Alexander The Great Who is ?Great In history there are few people who can be termed ?Great? and even fewer who deserve to be called so. Alexander, the son of King Phillip of the Macedonians, was one of these truly ?Great? people. He not merely ruled the largest know empire, was declared a God, lead his troops in battle, and conquered foreign cities, his first being at the age of sixteen, but he did it all within a thirteen year time period. Not only did he do all of this, but also it was done within thirteen years. When Alexander became the new King of Macedonia, many believed him to be to young to rule. They felt that he didn't have the experience needed to be their new leader. They had no way of knowing of the many things that he would come to accomplish in such a short time period. Alexander's first great accomplishment occurred when he was just sixteen years old. At this time, his father went away to war leaving Alexander to serve as a regent of Macedon. During his father's absence, Alexander led an expedition to a wild region that is now known as modern day Bulgaria. Once there, he subdued the rebellious barbarians and established his first city, Alexandropolis. On the return from his trip, King Philip was so impressed by his son's achievement that he appointed him a general in the royal army. (www.mrdowlings.com) When Alexander turned his attack towards Persia, his forces were much smaller than his opponent's. Alexander's army conquered Persia anyway, by winning a series of battles in which his troops were better trained and organized than the Persian army. His soldiers also admired Alexander because of his personal participation in the battles. He led his soldiers into battle instead of remaining behind the lines as was common for military leaders to do at that time. This allowed the troops to see that Alexander was sharing their danger, and was not asking them to take any risks he would not take himself. Later on, he once again went to march with his troops across a large body of water on their way to a surprise attack on Craterus. During this invasion, Alexander becomes the first commander to use something like a platoon. A platoon is a military unit that is composed of two or more squads or sections, normally under the command of a lieutenant. His method of crossing the river so long ago is still used today. (Dodge, 19) In 332 B.C.E., Alexander moved southward into Egypt where he rested his troops. The Egyptians welcomed him as a hero since he freed then from the ruthless Persian rule. For his remarkable accomplishment, the Egyptians crowned him as their new pharaoh and declared him a god. Shortly afterward, he founded the magnificent city of Alexander Egypt, which became the foundation of learning and Egyptian culture. (Burns, 205) These things are not easy tasks that everybody is capable of doing. In order to conquer such a great landmass, this king must no only have to be an excellent military leader, but a trusted person as well. Then to be named a god is something that very few mortal people have been able to accomplish. Alexander the Great was indeed a person with a trail of great accomplishments, which entitles him to bare the name ?Great.? Bibliography Bibliography Burns, Edward McNall; Hull, Richard W.; Lerner, Robert E.; Mecham, Standish; Ralph, Phillip Lee; Wood, Alan T.. World Civilization- Ninth Edition, New York, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1997 Dodge, Theodore Ayrault. Great Captains, Port Washington, New York: Kennikat press, 1968 Mr. Dolings Electronic Passport, http://www.mrdowling.com Fall 2000 European History

Free Essays on Piagetian Video Case Study

Piagetian Video Case Study I began Michael-Joseph with Piaget’s task Conservation of Numbers by lining up two identical rows horizontally of three small stick pretzels. I asked, â€Å"Do both rows have the same number of pretzels?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Then I lengthened one row by placing one extra pretzel and asked him, â€Å"Now does one row have more pretzels in it than the other row?† He answered, â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Matter was the next task. I placed two identical balls of play dough (same size and shape) in front of Michael-Joseph. I asked, â€Å"Do these two balls have the same amount of play dough in them?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Without adding play dough, I changed the shape of one ball by flattening it. I asked him if he now thought that one of the play dough’s had more? His response was â€Å"no†. In conducting the Conservation of Length, I aligned vertically two unsharpened pencils (same length) in front of Michael-Joseph and asked, â€Å"Are these two pencils the same length?† His reply was â€Å"yes†. Without changing the size, I moved one pencil to the right and asked, â€Å"Now are the two pencils the same length?† Michael-Joseph answered â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Volume was the last task I conducted on Michael-Joseph. Measuring cup he observed me pour 1 cup of water into two identical glasses and dropping two identical play dough balls in each glass. I asked him if the balls moved the same amount of water in each glass he answered â€Å"yes†. Then I took one ball and changed its shape and placed it back into the cup of water. â€Å"Will the balls still move equal amounts of water in each glass?† Michael-Joseph answered, â€Å"yes†. Piaget’s tasks clearly represent Michael-Joseph at the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. When conducting each task he was able to solve each task in a logical fashion. During the tasks his recognition of the physical world aided him to re... Free Essays on Piagetian Video Case Study Free Essays on Piagetian Video Case Study Piagetian Video Case Study I began Michael-Joseph with Piaget’s task Conservation of Numbers by lining up two identical rows horizontally of three small stick pretzels. I asked, â€Å"Do both rows have the same number of pretzels?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Then I lengthened one row by placing one extra pretzel and asked him, â€Å"Now does one row have more pretzels in it than the other row?† He answered, â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Matter was the next task. I placed two identical balls of play dough (same size and shape) in front of Michael-Joseph. I asked, â€Å"Do these two balls have the same amount of play dough in them?† He replied â€Å"yes†. Without adding play dough, I changed the shape of one ball by flattening it. I asked him if he now thought that one of the play dough’s had more? His response was â€Å"no†. In conducting the Conservation of Length, I aligned vertically two unsharpened pencils (same length) in front of Michael-Joseph and asked, â€Å"Are these two pencils the same length?† His reply was â€Å"yes†. Without changing the size, I moved one pencil to the right and asked, â€Å"Now are the two pencils the same length?† Michael-Joseph answered â€Å"yes†. Conservation of Volume was the last task I conducted on Michael-Joseph. Measuring cup he observed me pour 1 cup of water into two identical glasses and dropping two identical play dough balls in each glass. I asked him if the balls moved the same amount of water in each glass he answered â€Å"yes†. Then I took one ball and changed its shape and placed it back into the cup of water. â€Å"Will the balls still move equal amounts of water in each glass?† Michael-Joseph answered, â€Å"yes†. Piaget’s tasks clearly represent Michael-Joseph at the concrete operational stage of cognitive development. When conducting each task he was able to solve each task in a logical fashion. During the tasks his recognition of the physical world aided him to re...

Impacts Of Information Technology In Hospitality Industry Essay

Impacts Of Information Technology In Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Hospitality industries are one of the fastest growing industries globally, this has been attributed to the large number of client base that source their services. Hotels are omnipresent in almost every sphere and sector of the economy; as a result, they serve a wide variety of clients ranging from leaders on retreat, families, business meetings and travellers. The advances in technology have therefore played an integral role in the growth and developments of hotels and other related restaurant industries. The changing consumer behaviour patterns in the global market have forced business executives to device new ways of satisfying the needs of the customers. The retention and building a strong customer base is the current headache for most hotel and restaurant managers mainly due to rapid changing face of the industry. Employment of information technology in ensuring that the dynamic customer needs is catered for will promote the growth of hotel industries (Khosrow-pour, 2002). Competitive advantage in this troubled economy is the desire of all industries. Developing products that appeal to the needs of the customers can be the first steps towards building a proper business advantage. Information technology therefore presents several avenues of improving service delivery and consumer satisfaction in hotel businesses (Koutroumanis, 2011). ... Information technology therefore presents several avenues of improving service delivery and consumer satisfaction in hotel businesses (Koutroumanis, 2011). The use of advanced and sophisticated mobile and computer technology has been adopted in various levels of hotel management. Hotels have adopted interactive interface on the internet to communicate with their clients and prospective customers. As a result, service delivery has been tremendously improved as the clients desires and needs are incorporated in various spheres of hotel management. Information technology has had a tremendous change in the management and operation of hotels in the entire globe (Smith, 2002). This paper discusses the impacts that the ever changing face of information technology has had on the operation and success of hospitality industries in the world. The instruments of information technology that are employed in the hotel industry will be discussed, analyzing the impacts that they have and continue to c reate in the sector. Methodology This chapter reviews the methods that were used in the collection of data and information based on the objectives of the thesis. The study seeks to establish the current applications of information technology in hotels and related industries. The areas of applications of information technology and the current new tools of IT used will also be critically evaluated. This study also seeks to establish the effects of information technology in the management of hotels and how information technology increases competitive advantage in the industry. The tools employed in the process of data collection are also described within this chapter. Based on the nature of this research, the case study design is the

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future Essay

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future of 3D printing based on current issues identified in the literature - Essay Example 3D technologies include building images layer by layer using powder and raw materials such as resins, plastics and super alloys rather than multi-coloured ink as in conventional printers (Berman 2012, p. 155). 3D printing presents many future possibilities, albeit some clearly not for the foreseeable future, including the manufacturing of final objects closer to consumers or even by the consumers themselves, with significant implications for both the society and economy. On the other hand, there are also issues ranging from social to practical, legal and economic aspects. This paper will evaluate the current uses of 3D printing and discuss its potential future based on the issues associated with them. 3D printing has evolved since the first functional 3D printer was created in 1984. The 3D printing or additive manufacturing process is a form of rapid-prototyping that fabricates three-dimensional objects using the technology of ink-jet printing. The process joins materials from three-dimensional model data to make or ‘print’ objects, usually placing layer upon layer unlike subtractive manufacturing that include cutting and moulding raw materials into objects (Stahl 2013, p. 3). Further, it mainly uses systems of 3D scanning and computer-aided design (CAD) models for production. Objects printed using the 3D technology are fabricated after successive layers of materials are solidified, fused or deposited on top of each other, whereby each layer corresponds to the objects’ cross-sectional shapes. FDM (fused deposition modeling) and SLS (selective laser sintering) are currently the most common 3D printing technologies. Technological developments have made the conce pt more accessible and affordable, widening the range of current and potential users beyond the previous rapid prototyping systems that fundamentally targeted engineering and industrial applications. According to Stephens, Orch & Ramos (2013, p. 334), 3D printing may better be understood by viewing what

Field Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Field Research - Essay Example First, the resin is melted ( bead-like ) and Repro. The Stards are used to melt the Repro. Then, they are blown up into cylinders until they bubble up to the top of the machine. Once they are on the top, they are flattened using various rollers. After which, when everything has been flattened, these are rolled around a roll of cardboard on a metal rod. Finally, the bar is taken off a plug is placed on one end. The plastic would be now wrapped and multiple rolls would be placed standing right up on a skid. Again, they would be wrapped in plastic and properly labeled, then placed in a box. They would then be sent to the warehouse for shipping and classified as finished goods. It is also important to note that the colors are melted one at a time during the beginning of the process. This goes on daily because operations is 24/7. Over-all, there are 32 machines that produce the rolls. The maintenance for the machinery is done annually where the machines are cleaned thoroughly. The machine s are really big so cleaning them for a day would not suffice. The cleaning of these machines are scheduled on holidays so operations would not be affected. Demand for BEMIS products are high so the company cannot afford to lose productive time. I also observed that one roll can be easily made in as short as half an hour or more. Bigger rolls, however, need more time and can take as much as four to five hours. On the average, the machines produce 40† rolls in 40 hours. In a daily basis, the rolls produced equals to 540-550 pounds. To be able to achieve this high level of productivity, BEMIS operates for 24 hours. There are 100 employees distributed to work on four different shifts. Indeed, one can’t help admiring the whole process of production as everything is synchronized to meet the buyer’s demands or specifications. Come to think of it, the products of BEMIS are very many so efficiency is very important. BEMIS can meet all these challenges because it continue s to innovate itself and prioritize product research. The second part of this paper deals with the logistics of the products. Due to the high-volume of products produced in a daily basis, the logistics section is very busy. There are also times when companies would require extra orders during peak seasons which makes logistics very challenging. The pallets are often termed units for shipping purposes. A single pallet weighs 800 to 1,000 pounds. On a very busy day, there are one million pounds shipped to different buyers. A truck can carry as much as 40,000 pounds worth of pallets. Friday is considered the busiest day of the week so 18 trucks (scheduled and unscheduled ) are available for use on this day. It if it’s just an average day, only 600,00-700,000 pounds are shipped by BEMIS to its buyers. Normally, it takes 30-40 minutes to load the products on a truck. Safety measures are put in place to avoid any accidents. These are the procedures in loading a truck: 1. Get releas e. It is important for processors to know the pertinent details of the shipment. They must declare truthfully the type of products loaded on the truck which would be declared as soon as the buyers receive them. Details such as time of shipping, weight, quantity and other special instructions are contained in the documents like the Bill of Lading. 2. The next step involves pulling or staging pallets to the shipping area. The men driving the forklift and

Madeleine Leininger Theory Of Culture Care Nursing Essay

Madeleine Leininger Theory Of Culture Care Nursing Essay Madeleine Leninger was born on July 23 1925 in Sutton, Nebraska.  She is a Fellow of the Royal College of Nursing in Australia, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing.  Her theory of Culture Care is now a nursing discipline. In this modern health care system, nurses should consider culture as an important aspect to provide holistic care. Rationale for selecting Leiningers theory We selected Madeleine Leiningers Theory of Culture Care: Diversity and Universality for our clinical practice with many reasons. We observe diversity among our patient population on a daily basis. Patients come from different cultures with different values and beliefs. One practice that is accepted in one society or culture may not be accepted in another culture. Patients have the right to get the care based on their cultural values and beliefs. For this reason, it is one of the major responsibilities of nurses to provide culturally competent holistic care to improve patient outcome. For this reason it is of utmost importance to promote cultural competence among all nurses. Leininger (2006a: 16) refers to culturally congruent care as knowledge, acts, and decisions used in sensitive and knowledgeable ways to appropriately and meaningfully fit the cultural values, beliefs, and life ways of clients for their health and well-being, or to prevent illness, disabilities, or death. Biography of Madeleine Leininger Madeleine Leininger is well known to as a nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing model. She was born in Sutton, Nebraska in July 23, 1925. She received her nursing diploma from St. Anthonys School of Nursing in Denver, and in 1950, she received her bachelor of Nursing from St. Scholastica College. She completed her Master of Science in mental health nursing from Catholic University of America in 1954. She attended University of Washington in 1965 and studied cultural and social anthropology in which she was awarded a Ph.D. In her earlier years in the nursing profession, she realized care as one of the important function in nursing. Transcultural nursing was an idea that was formulated by Leininger when she realized that the behaviors of the children in the guidance home were recurrent patterns from their cultural background. Transculture theory was developed to provide nursing care in a holistic and comprehensive approach. Her theory gives nurses avenues on how to provide care in harmonious way through applying the patients cultural beliefs, values and practices. Classification of the Theory McEwen Wills (2011) places Leiningers Theory in the high middle range theory classification based on the level of abstraction or degree of specificity. Leininger states that it is not a grand theory because it has particular dimensions to assess for a total picture. It is a holistic and comprehensive approach, which has led to broader nursing practice applications than is traditionally expected with a middle-range, reductionist approach . Assumptions of Theory of Culture Care The central focus of the theory is care. Caring is important for health, well-being, healing, growth, survival, and for facing illness or death. Culture care is a wholistic approach to serve human beings in health, illness and dying. There is no cure without giving and receiving care. Concepts of culture care have different and similar aspects in different parts of the world. Each human culture varies in folk remedies, professional knowledge and practice. Knowledge regarding this variation is important for the nurses to know to provide quality care. Worldview, language, religious, spiritual, social, political, educational, economic, technological, ethno historical, and environmental factors affect culture care values, beliefs and practices. Healthy applications of culturally based care promote the wellbeing of the patient. Thorough knowledge of the culture is necessary to provide competent care to the clients. Clients who experience nursing care without incorporating the cultural iss ues experience stress, cultural conflict, noncompliance, and ethical moral concerns. Major concepts of the theory Understanding of major concepts of theory is important to understand the whole theory. Care is to assist others with real or anticipated needs in an effort to improve a human condition of concern or to face death. Caring is an action or activity directed towards providing care. Culture refers to learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and life ways of a specific individual or group that guide their thinking, decisions, actions, and patterned ways of living. Cultural care refers to multiple aspects of culture that influence and enable a person or group to improve their human condition or to deal with illness or death. Cultural care diversity refers to the differences in meanings, values, or acceptable modes of care within or between different groups of people. Cultural care universality refers to common care or similar meanings that are evident among many cultures. Person  refers to an individual human caring and cultural being as well as a family, group, a social i nstitution, or a culture. Nursing is a learned profession with a disciplined focused on care phenomena. Worldview refers to the way people tend to look at the world or universe in creating a personal view of what life is about. Cultural and social structure dimensions include factors related to religion, social structure, political/legal concerns, economics, educational patterns, and the use of technologies, cultural values, and ethno history that influence cultural responses of human beings within a cultural context. Health refers to a state of well-being that is culturally defined and valued by a designated culture. Cultural care preservation or maintenance refers to nursing care activities that help people of particular cultures to retain and use core cultural care values related to healthcare concerns or conditions. Cultural care accommodation or negotiation refers to creative nursing actions that help people of a particular culture adapt to or negotiate with others in the healt hcare community in an effort to attain the shared goal of an optimal health outcome for client(s) of a designated culture (Summarized from Leininger, 2001, pp. 46-47). Major Propositions of the Theory Leininger (1991) proposes that there are three modes for guiding nurses judgments, decisions, or actions in order to provide appropriate, beneficial, and meaningful care. They are cultural preservation or maintenance, cultural care accommodation or negotiation, and cultural care repatterning or restructuring. Cultural preservation or maintenance retain or preserve relevant care values so that clients can maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death. Cultural care accommodation or negotiation adapt or negotiate with the others for a beneficial or satisfying health outcome. Cultural care repatterning or restructuring records, change, or greatly modify clients life ways for a new, different and beneficial health care pattern (Leininger, 2002). The modes have greatly influenced the nurses ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care, as well as fostering culturally-competent nurses. These three modes of action can lead to the deliverance of nurs ing care that best fits with the clients culture and thus reduce cultural stress and chance for conflict between the client and the caregiver. Examples from the literature of how the theory been used According to the article the expression of pain and its management has social and cultural facts that affect the biological state of the person, therefore many societies and cultures have their own ways and perception to pain and how they treat it. In this article the nurses who were giving care to the patient used the international treatment guideline which is a stepwise approach to the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain, involving not only over-the counter anti-inflammatory drug, but also lower dose opioids (Lu Javier, 2006). The nursing decisions that were used in this article are cultural care accommodation and negations in which the nurses incorporated the holistic approach of using hilot. Hilot is a form of traditional Filipino healing massage; the patients were allowed to use natural topical ointment which is commonly found in their culture for relief of pain. This process allowed the patients to be comfortable with the care that they received due to incorporating cultural believes with western medications. This also allowed the patient to have knowledge that is related to the treatment of pain, cultural values and heritage especially in the older population who view pain medication such as opioids and administration of it as addictive and would rather suffer through it than to use it. The rational for this is because of the beliefs in the Filipino culture by both prescribing doctors, nurses who administer the medications and the patient that there will be high incidents of the patient becoming addicted opiods when used in treating chronic pain. Action plan The theory of Madeleine Leiningers will be integrated into practice in the work place by first reviewing the care and cultural values that fits the patient. This will be done by the way the nurse approach, work with and assist or help the patient. The integration will be approach through culturally congruent care or care that fits the culture, because care is enabling process by which the nurse will facilitate assist, guide and help the patient to link what the nurse is trying to help them in the treatment of their disease. This approach will help the nurse mange the diseases from a unique cultural perceptive of the patient. The nurse will monitor home remedies that are unique to the patient during admission and determine if any of them are contraindicated with the medications which the patient was taking. Also integrating religious rituals into the care plan can help make a significant impact on the success of the patients treatment; it will impact on the perception of the patients health, disease process and treatment. With the patients permission, involving close family member can give the patient emotional support. Including respect of cultural values may allow the patient to express themselves to the nurse because they may view this as a sign of respect. When a nurse is having difficulty to get the patient to buy into to a particular treatment, negotiating will help them adapt without compromising the patients values. When the nurse develops the basic understanding of health behavior of a culture, this helps to have a positive impact on the nurse-patient relationship. Concrete examples of how theory would be integrated During assessment, the plan of care for the patient will be established. This will give the nurse clear concise pertinent information about the patient. Cultural needs such as language barrier, dietary restrict, and beliefs will be assessed. Also rituals that may affect the patients care such as dietary restrict will be considered. An example is if the patient is Jewish, or Seventh day Adventist food product or meat made from pork should be omitted from their dietary tray. Meal planning is important because diet plays such an import healing process in the patients illness. Language barrier is another cultural issue that may arise during the patients stay in the hospital. Using the right interpreter such as someone who is certified and competent in the patients language is beneficial to prevent the wrong information being given to the patient. All these will be beneficial, helpful, assistive, and therapeutic in the board sense to maintain an open communication between the nurse and th e patient. Conclusion In todays healthcare field, it is required for nurses to be sensitive to their patients cultural backgrounds when creating a nursing plan. This is especially important since so many peoples culture is so integral in whom they are as individuals, and it is that culture that can greatly affect their health, as well as their reactions to treatments and care. The practice of nursing today demands that the nurse identify and meet the cultural needs of diverse groups understand the social and cultural reality of the client, family, and community, develop expertise to implement culturally acceptable strategies to provide nursing care, and identify and use resources acceptable to the client (Boyle, 1987). When Leiningers Transcultural Nursing theory guides nursing practice, nurses can look at how a patients cultural background is involved in his or her health, and use that knowledge to create a nursing plan that will help the patient get healthy quickly while still being sensitive to his or her cultural background. Nursing is in a new phase of health emphasis where there is an increased display of cultural identity, accompanied by increased demands for culture specific care and general health services.   Unquestionably, it is the theory of today and tomorrow and one which will grow in use in the future in our growing and increasingly multicultural world. The research and theory provide a new pathway to advance the profession of nursing and the body of transcultural knowledge for application in nursing practice, education, research, and clinical consultation worldwide.

Breast Cancer Essay -- Biology Essays

Breast Cancer The thought of having breast cancer is frightening to every woman, and devastating to some. However, ignoring the possibility that you may get breast cancer, or avoiding the things you should do to detect and avoid cancer, can be even more dangerous. Breast cancer is a devastating disease that may affect one out of nine women in the United States. This year alone, a patient will be diagnosed every three minutes and a woman will die from breast cancer every thirteen minutes. Unfortunately, there is still little known about the disease’s cause or cure. Currently the only means of increasing a breast cancer victim’s chance of survival is early detection by annual breast exams and education about the disease. A professional high quality mammogram is the most reliable way to find breast cancer as early as possible. By the time a lump can be felt in a woman’s breast, it is usually bigger than the size of cancers that can be found with a mammogram. About twenty five percent of breast cancers are found through monthly exams and thirty five percent are found through mammograms. They rate of cancers discovered increases to nearly forty percent when physical exams and mammograms are used. Women are urged to do both. Educating women about breast cancer has become increasing important. Recently, an alarming survey, conducted by the American Cancer Society, showed that many women have incorrect perceptions about their risk of getting breast cancer. Nearly half of the women believed their chances of developing cancer were as much as fifty percent, when in reality it is only eleven percent. Also, many women thought that their risk of getting breast cancer was highest in their thirties and fourths, when in ... ... and to kill cancer cells if they ever develop. A large number of studies also back up a link between alcohol intake and an increased chance of developing breast cancer. Overall women that drink an average of three drinks a day have a forty percent higher chance of developing the disease verses non-drinkers. Research has found that alcohol alters the way a woman’s body metabolizes estrogen. As estrogen levels rise, the risk of developing the disease does also. Above all, the important thing to remember is that having no risk factors should not give you a false sense of security. It is vital for each woman to be aware of their own personal risk factors for developing cancer, and what they can do to decrease their chances with simple lifestyle changes. Women are encouraged to talk to their doctors and do their own research to further inform themselves.